June 5, 2023

Implementing Hyper-V virtual networks routing with MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router (CHR) 7.9.2

By Roger Carvalho

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This entry is part [part not set] of 3 in the series Virtual switches and routing in Hyper-V

Virtual switches and routing in Hyper-V (Posts)

Implementing Hyper-V virtual networks routing with Netgate pfSense 2.6.0
Implementing Hyper-V virtual networks routing with MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router (CHR) 7.9.2
Virtual switches and routing in Hyper-V – Overview and Summary

Welcome to the second installment of our series on virtual switches and routing in Hyper-V. In this post, we will dive into one specific routing option: implementing virtual network routing with MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router (CHR) 7.9.2. As part of this series, we aim to provide you with comprehensive insights into various routing possibilities in Hyper-V, enabling you to make informed decisions when configuring your virtualized network environments.

Routing plays a vital role in virtualized environments, allowing different virtual networks to communicate with each other and with external networks. MikroTik RouterOS, with its feature-rich capabilities and robust routing functionalities, presents an excellent choice for implementing virtual network routing in Hyper-V. In this post, we will focus on MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router (CHR) version 7.9.2 as a solution for routing between virtual networks within Hyper-V.

Technology Overview

MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router (CHR) is a RouterOS version intended for running as a virtual machine. It supports the x86 64-bit architecture and can be used on most of the popular hypervisors such as VMWare, Hyper-V, VirtualBox, KVM, and others.

CHR has full RouterOS features enabled by default but has a different licensing model than other RouterOS versions:

Features

Configuration

MAC-based access for initial configuration
WinBox – standalone Windows GUI configuration tool
Webfig – advanced web-based configuration interface
MikroTik – Android and iOS-based configuration tool
Powerful command-line configuration interface with integrated scripting capabilities, accessible via local terminal, serial console, telnet and ssh
API – the way to create your own configuration and monitoring applications

Backup/Restore

Binary configuration backup saving and loading
Configuration export and import in human-readable text format

Firewall

Stateful filtering
Source and destination NAT
NAT helpers (h323, pptp, quake3, sip, ftp, irc, tftp)
Internal connection, routing and packet marks
Filtering by IP address and address range, port and port range, IP protocol, DSCP and many more
Address lists
Custom Layer7 matcher
IPv6 support
PCC – per connection classifier, used in load balancing configurations
RAW filtering to bypass connection tracking.

Routing

Static routing
Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)
Policy based routing
Interface routing
ECMP routing
IPv4 dynamic routing protocols: RIP v1/v2, OSPFv2, BGP v4
IPv6 dynamic routing protocols: RIPng, OSPFv3, BGP
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)

MPLS

Static Label bindings for IPv4
Label Distribution protocol for IPv4
RSVP Traffic Engineering tunnels
VPLS MP-BGP based autodiscovery and signaling
MP-BGP based MPLS IP VPN

VPN

IPSec – tunnel and transport mode, certificate or PSK, AH and ESP security protocols.
IKEv2 support
AES-NI hardware acceleration support for IPSec
Point to point tunneling ( OpenVPN, PPTP, PPPoE, L2TP, SSTP)
Advanced PPP features (MLPPP, BCP)
Simple tunnels ( IPIP, EoIP) IPv4 andIPv6 support
6to4 tunnel support (IPv6 over IPv4 network)
VLAN – IEEE802.1q Virtual LAN support, Q-in-Q support
MPLS based VPNs
WireGuard
ZeroTier

Wireless

IEEE802.11a/b/g wireless client and access point
Full IEEE802.11n support
Nstreme and Nstreme2 proprietary protocols
NV2 protocol
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
Virtual AP
WEP, WPA, WPA2
Access control list
Wireless client roaming
WMM
HWMP+ Wireless MESH protocol
MME wireless routing protocol

DHCP

Per interface DHCP server
DHCP client and relay
Static and dynamic DHCP leases
RADIUS support
Custom DHCP options
DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation (DHCPv6-PD)
DHCPv6 Client

Hotspot

Plug-n-Play access to the Network
Authentication of local Network Clients
Users Accounting
RADIUS support for Authentication and Accounting

QoS

Hierarchical Token Bucket ( HTB) QoS system with CIR, MIR, burst and priority support
Simple and fast solution for basic QoS implementation – Simple queues
Dynamic client rate equalization ( PCQ)

Proxy

HTTP caching proxy server
Transparent HTTP proxy
SOCKS protocol support
DNS static entries
Support for caching on a separate drive
Parent proxy support
Access control list
Caching list

Tools

Ping, traceroute
Bandwidth test, ping flood
Packet sniffer, torch
Telnet, ssh
E-mail and SMS send tools
Automated script execution tools
CALEA
File Fetch tool
Advanced traffic generator
WoL (Wake on LAN) sending

Other features

Samba support
OpenFlow support
Bridging – spanning tree protocol (STP, RSTP), bridge firewall and MAC natting.
Dynamic DNS update tool
NTP client/server and synchronization with GPS system
VRRP v2 and v3 support
SNMP
M3P – MikroTik Packet packer protocol for wireless links and ethernet
MNDP – MikroTik neighbor discovery protocol, supports CDP (Cisco discovery protocol)
RADIUS authentication and accounting
TFTP server
Synchronous interface support (Farsync cards only) (Removed in v5.x)
Asynchronous – serial PPP dial-in/dial-out, dial on demand
ISDN – dial-in/dial-out, 128K bundle support, Cisco HDLC, x75i, x75ui, x75bui line protocols, dial on demand

Kernel version

RouterOS version 7.x uses 5.6.3

Supported Encryptions

RouterOS 7 is used for the management of network (telecommunication) devices.

RouterOS 7 includes encryption features (components), intended for data (information) security, passed through telecommunication channels and device control channels.
All encryption features (components) are an integral part of RouterOS 7 and can not be changed by the end-users.
RouterOS 7 is intended for installation by end-users without significant support from the vendor.
RouterOS 7 uses the following security protocols:

IPSec: DES (56 bit) / 3DES (168 bit) / AES (128, 192, 256 bit) / Blowfish (448 bit) / Twofish (256 bit) / Camelia (128, 192, 256 bit)
PPTP (with MPPE): RC4 (128 bit)
L2TP (with MPPE): RC4 (128 bit)
SNMP: DES (56 bit) / AES (128 bit)
SSH: Blowfish: (128 bit) / 3DES: (192 bit) / AES: (128, 192, 256 bit)
SSTP: AES (256 bit) / RC4 (128 bit)
Used in WinBox connection (nameless): AES (128 bit)
WEP: RC4 (104 bit)
WPA-TKIP: RC4 (128 bit)
WPA2-TKIP: RC4 (128 bit)
WPA-AES: AES (128 bit)
WPA2-AES: AES (128 bit)
HTTPS: NULL, RC4, DES, DES40, 3DES, AES (128, 192, 256 bit)

Licensing

The CHR has 4 license levels:

free (speed limit 1Mbit): allows CHR to run indefinitely. It is limited to 1Mbps upload per interface. All the rest of the features provided by CHR are available without restrictions. To use this, all you have to do is download the disk image file from our download page and create a virtual guest.
p1 (perpetual-1, speed limit 1Gbit): allows CHR to run indefinitely. It is limited to 1Gbps upload per interface. All the rest of the features provided by CHR are available without restrictions. It is possible to upgrade p1 to p10 or p-unlimited (New license level can be purchased by standard price)
p10 (perpetual-10, speed limit 10Gbit): allows CHR to run indefinitely. It is limited to 10Gbps upload per interface. All the rest of the features provided by CHR are available without restrictions. It is possible to upgrade p10 to p-unlimited
p-unlimited (unlimited speed): allows CHR to run indefinitely. It is the highest tier license and it has no enforced limitations.

The 60-day free trial license is available for all paid license levels. To get the free trial license, you have to have an account on MikroTik.com as all license management is done there.

Perpetual is a lifetime license (buy once, use forever). It is possible to transfer a perpetual license to another CHR instance. A running CHR instance will indicate the time when it has to access the account server to renew its license. If the CHR instance will not be able to renew the license it will behave as if the trial period has run out and will not allow an upgrade of RouterOS to a newer version.

Solution Overview

Our Hyper-V has 3 Virtual Switches:

LAB (External): connected to External network (physical NIC/network connection), with access to the Internet, allowing management operating system to share that network adapter. IP configuration is automatically set by DHCP in that physical network.
LAB (Private A): disconnected from any physical network. It will be the virtual switch for network 192.168.1.0/24.
LAB (Private B): disconnected from any physical network. It will be the virtual switch for network 192.168.2.0/24.

Virtual Machines are connected to private networks Private A and Private B.
Network segmentation must be preserved.
Flexible network topology is required, so additional virtual networks can be added later.
Interconnectivity between Private Networks, and with the hypervisor (Hyper-V) host needs to be established.
Virtual Machines connected only to private networks require accessing the Internet to download updates

Solution Blueprint

System Requirements

Hyper-V Host: if you do not have it installed yet, you can find how to do it on Step-By-Step: Turning on Hyper-V on Windows 11
WinBox 3.38 (32-bit: download / 64-bit: download): a small utility that allows the administration of MikroTik RouterOS using a fast and simple GUI.
MikroTik Cloud Hosted Router 7.9.2 (Stable) VHDX image (download): a RouterOS version intended for running as a virtual machine. It supports the x86 64-bit architecture and can be used on most of the popular hypervisors such as VMWare, Hyper-V, VirtualBox, KVM, and others.
Host CPU: 64-bit with virtualization support
RAM: 128MB or more (Max: 128GB)
Disk: 128MB disk space for the CHR virtual hard drive (Max: 16GB)

The minimum required RAM depends on interface count and CPU count. You can get an approximate number by using the following formula:

RouterOS v7 – RAM = 256 + [ 8 × (CPU_COUNT) × (INTERFACE_COUNT – 1) ]

Note: Vendor recommends allocating at least 1024MiB of RAM for CHR instances.

Usable Network and Disk interfaces on Hyper-V

Network: Network adapter, Legacy Network adapter
Disk: IDE, SCSI

Note: SCSI controller Hyper-V is usable just for secondary disks, system image must be used with IDE controller!

Implementation

For this exercise, we created a Hyper-V virtual machine with the following configuration:
Name: RT-MIKROTIK791-01
Generation: Generation 1
BIOS: Startup order: IDE, CD, Legacy Network adapter, Floppy
Memory: 512 MB
Processor: Number of virtual processors: 2
IDE Controller 0: No Hard Drive/No DVD Drive
Network Adapters:
1) Connected to Virtual Switch LAB (External)
2) Connected to Virtual Switch LAB (Private A)
3) Connected to Virtual Switch LAB (Private B)

1. On your lab machine running Hyper-V, access "https://mikrotik.com/download" in a browser, click "WinBox" and then the proper option, according to your operating system architecture
2. Click "Save as" to download the maintenance utility program (WinBox) that you will use to configure your MikroTik router
3. Choose a temporary location for saving WinBox and click "Save"
4. Scroll down the download page, expand "Cloud Hosted Router" and click the link to download the VHDX image of latest stable version
5. Click "Save as" to download the compacted Hyper-V virtual disk (VHDX) file
6. Choose a temporary location for saving the compacted VHDX and click "Save"
7. Once the download completes, open the location in your local disk where you saved the compacted VHDX file, right-click it and click "Extract All"
8. Select the location for extracting the content of the compacted file and click "Extract"
9. You can rename the extracted VHDX file if you want/need
10. You can also copy the extracted VHDX file to some common location where you keep your LAB virtual machines' virtual disks
11. On "Hyper-V Manager" console, select the virtual machine that you created to be your MikroTik router and click "Settings"
12. Click your IDE Controller, then "Hard Drive" and "Add"
13. Click "Browse" to look for your recently extracted VHDX file
14. Select the virtual disk (VHDX) file and click "Open"
15. Click "OK" to save your changes
16. With your virtual machine still selected, click "Connect..."
17. Click "Start" to power your virtual machine on
18. Type the username "admin" and press "Enter" twice, providing no password
19. Answer if you want or not to see the software license and press "Enter"
20. Define a new administrative password, pressing "Enter" after typing and repeating it as confirmation, take note of that password as you will need it to configure your MikroTik router
21. Your MikroTik instance is ready to be configured
22. Browse back to where you saved the maintenance utility program "WinBox" and execute it
23. In "Neighbors" tab, WinBox will list your virtual machine's network interface connected to your External virtual switch, click it to populate the "Connect To" field above
24. Type the admin password that you defined on step 20 and click "Connect"
25. You can see the 3 your router virtual machine's network interfaces listed
26. Click "IP" and then "DHCP Client"
27. See that your first interface card "ether 1", representing your virtual network interface connected to your External virtual switch got its network configuration from DHCP server in the physical network of your Hyper-V host
28. Click "IP" and then "Addresses"
29. Click "+" to add a new address configuration
30. Enter the IP address/network CIDR for your router's network interface (ether 2) connected to Private A virtual switch, select that interface and click "OK"
31. Click "+" to add another address configuration
32. Enter the IP address/network CIDR for your router's network interface (ether 3) connected to Private B virtual switch, select that interface and click "OK"
33. You should now have all your network interfaces configured, 1 with dynamic network configuration assigned by DHCP server in your External network and 2 with static network configuration assigned by you in previous steps
34. Click "IP" and then "Firewall"
35. Click "NAT" tab
36. Click "+" to add a new NAT configuration in your router's firewall
37. Keep "Chain" defined as "srcnat" and enter the subnet ID/CIDR for Private A virtual switch in "Src. Address" and then, click "Action"
38. Select action "masquerade" and click "OK" to create it
39. Click "+" once again to add another NAT configuration in your router's firewall
40. Keep "Chain" defined as "srcnat" and enter the subnet ID/CIDR for Private B virtual switch in "Src. Address" and then, click "Action"
41. Select action "masquerade" and click "OK" to create it
42. You should now see 2 NAT configurations defined in your MikroTik router
43. Click "IP" and then "Routes"
44. Note that routes have been automatically created to proper route the network traffic between your private networks/virtual switches, your router and the internet. We have concluded the basic configuration of our MikroTik router

Testing and Validation

1. Make sure you are on a machine connected only to "Private A" virtual switch by typing the following commands and pressing "Enter" after them: "[Environment]::MachineName" and "Get-NetIPConfiguration", validating your network configuration. Command "Invoke-RestMethod -Uri http://ipconfig.me" should return your external IP address if routing is working properly and machine now has access to the internet.
2. Try pinging the IP addresses of the router's network interface connected to the same virtual switch (Private A) as your first test machine, then try pinging a second test machine connected to the other virtual switch (Private B), finally try pinging external addresses in the internet, such as "8.8.8.8" or "oakit.cloud"
3. Last test could be "Invoke-RestMethod -Uri https://loripsum.net/api" to validate the routing of TCP traffic, as we only validated UDP traffic routing in previous step
4. Now, make sure you are on a machine connected only to "Private B" virtual switch by typing the following commands and pressing "Enter" after them: "[Environment]::MachineName" and "Get-NetIPConfiguration", validating your network configuration. Command "Invoke-RestMethod -Uri http://ipconfig.me" should return your external IP address if routing is working properly and machine now has access to the internet.
5. Try pinging the IP addresses of the router's network interface connected to the same virtual switch (Private B) as your second test machine, then try pinging the first test machine connected to the other virtual switch (Private A), finally try pinging external addresses in the internet, such as "8.8.8.8" or "oakit.cloud"
6. Last test could be "Invoke-RestMethod -Uri https://loripsum.net/api" to validate the routing of TCP traffic, as we only validated UDP traffic routing in previous step

Bottom Line

As we conclude this post on implementing virtual network routing with MikroTik 7.9.2 in Hyper-V, we encourage you to take the next steps and try out these concepts in your own virtualized network setups. Your hands-on experience will be invaluable in gaining a deeper understanding of how MikroTik RouterOS can enhance your network routing capabilities.

We highly value your feedback and would love to hear from you. If you have any questions, face any challenges, or need further clarification, please reach out to us. Your input not only helps us improve this series but also contributes to the wider community of knowledge-sharing.

In the upcoming posts, we will explore other routing options in Hyper-V, providing you with more practical examples and detailed discussions. Our goal is to empower you with the tools and knowledge needed to optimize your virtual network architecture.

Remember, virtual switches and routing in Hyper-V offer endless possibilities. By leveraging the right techniques and solutions, you can create robust and efficient virtualized network infrastructures. So, let’s continue this journey together, learning, implementing, and unlocking the full potential of Hyper-V’s routing capabilities.

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